Powder coating is a dry finishing process. Instead of a liquid paint being sprayed wet and left to dry, a finely ground mixture of resin, pigment, and additives is electrostatically charged and sprayed onto a grounded metal surface.
The charged particles stick to the grounded part by electrostatic attraction, building a uniform layer until the operator stops spraying. The part then moves to a cure oven where the powder melts, flows out, and cross-links into a continuous film — chemically different from what went in, which is why powder coatings are described as thermoset rather than thermoplastic.
The whole point of the process is that the film is uniform. Because the powder adheres electrostatically, it builds evenly across edges, recesses, and complex geometry — no runs, no sags, no dry spots where the gun passed too fast. That's what makes powder coating the preferred finish on structural brackets, weldments, and machine components that would be difficult to paint evenly by hand.
Over-spray that misses the part is captured in the booth's recovery system and re-used. Actual material waste is under 5% on most jobs — the rest is reclaimed.